Ecological specialization refers to the process by which a species evolves specific traits or adaptations to exploit a particular niche or habitat within its environment. This can involve the development of unique morphological, physiological, or behavioral characteristics that enable the species to thrive in specific environmental conditions or to exploit specific resources. Ecological specialization can lead to increased efficiency in resource use and reduced competition with other species, but it can also make a species more vulnerable to environmental changes or disturbances. Studying ecological specialization can provide insights into the diversity of species interactions, the maintenance of biodiversity, and the resilience of ecosystems to environmental changes.